PART 23

PROTECTION IN CONSTRUCTION, DEMOLITION AND EXCAVATION OPERATIONS
(Statutory authority: Labor Law, §§27-a, 27, 29)
 

SUBPART 23-5    SCAFFOLDING

23-5.1      General provisions for all scaffolds
23-5.2      Approval required
23-5.3      General provisions for metal scaffolds
23-5.4      Tubular welded frame scaffolds
23-5.5      Tube and coupler metal scaffolds
23-5.6      Pole scaffolds
                Table V      Light Duty Single Pole Scaffolds
                Table VI     Medium Duty Single Pole Scaffolds
                Table VII    Heavy Duty Single Pole Scaffolds
                Table VIII   Light Duty Independent Pole Scaffolds
                Table IX     Medium Duty Independent Pole Scaffolds
                Table X      Heavy Duty Independent Pole Scaffolds
23-5.7      Outrigger scaffolds
                Table XI     Minimum Specifications for Outrigger Scaffolds
23-5.8      All suspended scaffolds
23-5.9      Two-Point suspension scaffolds
                Table XII    Schedule for Ladder Type Platforms
                Table XIII    Schedule for Ladder Type Platforms for Extension Trestle and Trestle Scaffolds
23-5.10     Multiple-point suspension scaffolds
23-5.11     Needle beam scaffolds
23-5.12     Horse scaffolds
23-5.13     Carpenters' portable bracket scaffolds
23-5.14     Bricklayers' square scaffolds
                 Table XIV    Minimum Specifications of Bricklayers' Square Scaffolds
23-5.15     Lean-to scaffolds
                 Table XV     Minimum Specifications of Lean-to Scaffolds
23-5.16     Trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffolds
23-5.17     Ladder jack scaffolds
23-5.18     Manually-propelled mobile scaffolds
23-5.19     Elevator scaffold jacks
23-5.20     Window jacks
23-5.21     Boatswain's chairs
23-5.22     Stilts
 

SUBPART 23-5
SCAFFOLDING

Historical Note

Subpart (§§23-5.1 – 23-5.22) added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.1 General provisions for all scaffolds.

(a) Scope of this Subpart. The provisions of this Subpart pertaining to all scaffolds used in construction and demolition operations shall not be construed or applied in contravention of the special provisions pertaining to specific types of scaffolds hereinafter set forth.

(b) Scaffold footing or anchorage. The footing or anchorage for every scaffold erected on or supported by the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall be sound, rigid, capable of supporting the maximum load intended to be imposed thereon without settling or deformation and shall be secure against movement in any direction. Unstable supports, such as barrels, boxes, loose brick or loose stone, shall not be used.

(c) Scaffold structure. (1) Except where otherwise specifically provided in this Subpart, all scaffolding shall be so constructed as to bear four times the maximum weight required to be dependent therefrom or placed thereon when in use. (See Labor Law, §240, subdivision 3.) Such maximum weight shall be construed to mean the sum of both dead and live loads.
Exception: Paragraph (1) above does not apply to scaffold suspension ropes. (See section 23-5.19
of this Subpart.)

(2) Every scaffold shall be provided with adequate horizontal and diagonal bracing to prevent any lateral movement.

(d) Scaffold loading. (1) Light duty scaffolds shall not be loaded with live loads in excess of 25 pounds per square foot.

(2) Medium duty scaffolds shall not be loaded with live loads in excess of 50 pounds per square foot.

(3) Heavy duty scaffolds shall not be loaded with live loads in excess of 75 pounds per square foot.

(4) No scaffold shall be loaded in excess of the maximum load for which it is intended.

(e) Scaffold planking. (1) Except on needle beam and pole scaffolds, scaffold planks shall extend not less than six inches beyond any support nor more than 18 inches beyond any end support. Such six inch minimum requirement shall not apply when such planks are securely fastened in place. Scaffold planks shall be laid tight and inclined planking shall be securely fastened in place.

(2) The maximum permissible live load for two-inch full size planking shall be as follows:
(i) Heavy duty scaffolds – 75 pounds per square foot for spans up to and including six feet.

(ii) Medium duty scaffolds – 50 pounds per square foot for spans over six feet and up to and including eight feet.

(iii) Light duty scaffolds – 25 pounds per square foot for spans over eight feet and up to and including 10 feet.

(3) The maximum permissible live load for two-inch nominal thickness planking shall be as follows:
(i) Light duty scaffolds – 25 pounds per square foot for spans over six feet and up to and including eight feet.

(ii) Medium duty scaffolds – 50 pounds per square foot for spans up to and including six feet.

(iii) Heavy duty scaffolds – two-inch nominal thickness planking shall not be used for heavy duty scaffolds.

(4) The maximum permissible live load for one and one-quarter inch full size planking shall be 50 pounds per square foot for spans up to and including four feet.

(5) The minimum width of every planked scaffold platform shall be 18 inches except for the following:
(i) Bench type scaffolds where the working platforms are not more than 24 inches above the floor or other supporting surface shall be not less than nine inches in width.

(ii) Trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffold platforms shall have widths equal to the distances between the side rails of the ladders, but in no case shall such platforms be less than 12 inches in width.

(f) Scaffold maintenance and repair. Every scaffold shall be maintained in good repair and every defect, unsafe condition or noncompliance with this Part (rule) shall be immediately corrected before further use of such scaffold.

(g) Scaffold lumber. All lumber used in the construction of scaffolds and scaffold platforms shall be stress-grade, having a minimum unit stress "f" of 1500 psi. The use of scaffold lumber shall be in conformance with the grade classification, i.e. lumber graded for use as posts or columns shall not be used where beams or joists are required. All lumber subjected to stress shall be sound, straight grained, free from shakes, large, loose or dead knots or checks or from any other defects which may impair its strength or durability.

(h) Scaffold erection and removal. Every scaffold shall be erected and removed under the supervision of a designated person.

(i) Overhead protection. Overhead protection when required for any scaffold shall consist of planking not less than two inches thick full size, exterior grade plywood not less than three-quarters inch thick or material of equivalent strength. Such planks used for overhead protection shall be laid tight, shall extend the full length and width of the working platform. Such overhead protection shall be located not more than 10 feet above the surface of the working platform. Such overhead protection shall not be used to support any person, material, tools or equipment.

(j) Safety railings. (1) The open sides of all scaffold platforms, except those platforms listed in the exception below, shall be provided with safety railings constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule).
Exceptions: Any scaffold platform with an elevation of not more than seven feet; the platforms of
needle beam scaffolds; floats and rivet heater platforms in use by structural ironworkers;
ladder jack scaffold platforms; and trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffold platforms.

(2) All scaffolds under which any person is likely to work or pass shall be provided with a wire mesh screen of not less than No. 18 U.S. gage steel with openings that will reject a one-inch diameter ball. Such wire mesh screen shall be installed between the toeboard and the top guard rail on both ends and on the outboard side of the scaffold platform.

(3) Any end or side of any scaffold platform that is located within six feet horizontally of an unenclosed side of a material hoist tower, construction elevator or similar moving equipment shall be effectively screened to a height of at least six feet above the scaffold platform. Such screen shall be constructed of wire mesh of not less than No. 18 U.S. gage steel with openings that will reject a one-inch diameter ball.

(k) Splices. Horizontal load-bearing members of any scaffold shall not be spliced between points of support.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.2 Approval required.

The use of any scaffold of a type not named, specified or described in this Part (rule) is prohibited unless such scaffold has been granted a special approval.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.3 General provisions for metal scaffolds.

(a) Application of this section. This section applies to all scaffolds constructed of metal except mobile types.

(b) Special approval required. Any metal scaffold erected after June 1, 1972 to a height exceeding 125 feet above the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall not be placed in service until such scaffold has been granted a special approval. The plans and specifications for any such scaffold shall be submitted to the board for such approval.

(c) Strength and factor of safety. The total of live and dead loads imposed on any scaffold assembly shall not exceed one-quarter of the ultimate strength of the members as determined by actual test.

(d) Minimum uniform live loads. (1) Metal scaffolds shall be designed and constructed to support safely all loads intended to be imposed thereon, but in no case shall such scaffolds be designed or constructed to support uniform live loads of less than the following:

(i) Light duty scaffolds – 25 pounds per square foot.

(ii) Medium duty scaffolds – 50 pounds per square foot.

(iii) Heavy duty scaffolds – 75 pounds per square foot./

(2) Metal scaffolds designed and constructed for particular types of work shall support uniformly distributed live loads in accordance with the following:
(i) Stone masons – 75 pounds per square foot.

(ii) Stone setters (no stone on scaffold) – 25 pounds per square foot.

(iii) Bricklayers – 50 pounds per square foot.

(iv) Stucco applicators – 50 pounds per square foot.

(v) Lathers and plasterers – 50 pounds per square foot.

(vi) Carpenters – 25 pounds per square foot.

(vii) Miscellaneous (no material on scaffold) – 25 pounds per square foot.

(3) In addition to such live loads, metal scaffolds shall be designed and constructed to support the dead loads, such as platforms, frames, safety railings and other members.

(e) Safety railings. Safety railings constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule) shall be provided for every metal scaffold.

(f) Access. Ladders, stairs or ramps shall be provided for access to and egress from the platform levels of metal scaffolds which are located more than two feet above or below the ground, grade, floor or other equivalent level.

(g) Footings. (1) Footings for metal scaffolds shall be sound, rigid and capable of supporting the maximum design loads of such scaffolds without settlement or deformation. Such footings shall be secure against movement in any direction and shall have sufficient area to properly transfer the vertical post or end frame loads of the scaffolds to the ground, grade or equivalent surface without causing any unsafe condition.

(2) Metal base plates of not less than 16 square inches in area by one-eighth inch in thickness shall be provided for the tubular ends of posts and for the legs of end frames which are in bearing contact with the footings or other supporting surfaces.

(3) Where the ground, grade or other supporting surface of a metal scaffold is not level, screw jacks or adjustment jacks shall be used to support the tubular posts or end frames of the scaffold so that the scaffold platform bearers are level. Such adjustment jacks shall be so positioned that the threaded sections do not extend beyond the frames or parts more than 12 inches.

(h) Tie-ins. (1) Every metal scaffold shall be securely tied into the building or other structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically.

(2) Ties to any window cleaners' anchors are prohibited.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.4 Tubular welded frame scaffolds.

(a) Bracing. (1) Tubular welded frame scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross bracing or diagonal bracing, or both, for securing vertical members together laterally. Such braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align the vertical members of such scaffolds so that when erected such scaffolds are plumb, square and rigid. All braces shall be securely connected.

(2) Every tubular welded frame scaffold erected after June 1, 1972 to a height in excess of 26 feet shall be provided with continuous vertical cross-bracing on the inboard and outboard sides of the scaffold except as follows:
(i) Vertical cross-bracing may be omitted at the working level of any such scaffold. Such vertical bracing may be omitted between alternate pairs of scaffold frames on the inboard side of any such scaffold for a maximum of two working levels.

(ii) Tower bracing may be used in which case each separate tower shall be provided with continuous vertical cross-bracing for the full height on both the inboard and outboard sides. The vertical cross-bracing may be omitted on the inboard side of the uppermost working level only. Adjacent towers of the scaffold shall be tied together on both the inboard and outboard sides by continuous horizontal members that extend the full length of the scaffold. Such horizontal members shall be placed at every level where building or structure tie-ins are required by paragraph 23-5.3(h)(1) of this Subpart.

(3) Diagonal horizontal bracing shall be provided at every level where building or structure tie-ins are required.

(b) Scaffold frames. (1) Coupling pins, sprockets or other safe positive couplers shall be used to connect scaffold frames at every vertical frame extension.

(2) Each frame leg shall have a positive lock or fastener to hold one frame member to the other vertically.

(3) The spacing of frame members of tubular welded frame scaffolds shall not exceed the following limits except for special conditions where trusses or other means of bracing insure the required factor of safety of such scaffolds:
(i) The maximum permissible frame spacing for heavy duty scaffolds shall be up to and including six feet.

(ii) The maximum permissible frame spacing for medium duty scaffolds shall be up to and including eight feet.

(iii) The maximum permissible frame spacing for light duty scaffolds shall be up to and including 10 feet.

(c) Brackets. Brackets shall be supported by the vertical members of the scaffold frames. Brackets shall not be more than 30 inches in width. When a bracket is used to extend the width of the frame on any side of a scaffold normally requiring a safety railing, provision shall be made in the outer end of such bracket for a safety railing post.

(d) Safety railing posts. Each safety railing post installed on a tubular welded frame scaffold shall fit over a coupling pin or sprocket connected to the outer end of an end frame leg, or shall fit into a frame leg not less than four inches. Such post shall be securely fastened to the end frame of the scaffold by a positive locking device.

(e) Metal trusses. (1) Where metal trusses are used on any tubular welded frame scaffold, such trusses shall be provided with sufficient supports for the platform planks between the scaffold frames.

(2) Any metal truss used to span a gap in a tubular welded frame scaffold shall have a strength capacity sufficient to provide the required factor of safety.

(3) Where trusses are used on tubular welded frame scaffolds erected to a height of more than 60 feet, such scaffolds shall be designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. Copies of the design drawings for any such scaffold shall be kept at the scaffold installation site available for examination by the commissioner.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.5 Tube and coupler metal scaffolds.

(a) Structural members. The structural members of tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed of steel tubing.

(b) Couplers. (1) All vertical, horizontal and diagonal members of tube and coupler metal scaffolds shall be securely fastened together with approved safe locking devices to form positive connections.

(2) The use of grey cast iron fittings in such scaffolds is prohibited.

(c) Runners. (1) Every tube and coupler metal scaffold shall be provided with a ledger or runner of metal tubing locked end to end with fittings to form a continuous length of the scaffold. Such runner shall be secured to each intersecting post of the scaffold with approved couplers or clamps.

(2) Runners shall be placed not more than six feet, six inches on centers vertically.

(3) The bottom runner of any such scaffold shall be located as close to the base of the scaffold as possible.

(d) Bearers or putlogs. (1) The bearers or putlogs of such scaffolds shall be installed transversely between the posts. They shall be securely coupled to the posts and shall bear on the runner couplers. When such bearers or putlogs are coupled directly to the runners, the couplers shall be kept as close to the posts as possible.

(2) The bearers or putlogs shall be located at each set of posts, at each level and at each intermediate level where a working platform has been installed.

(3) Each bearer or putlog shall be of sufficient length to provide an overhang of at least four inches but not more than 12 inches beyond the inside and outside posts.

(e) Bracing. (1) Cross bracing shall be installed across the width of every tube and coupler scaffold at every third set of posts horizontally and at every fourth runner vertically. Such bracing shall extend diagonally from the inner and outer runners in an upward direction to the next outer and inner runners.

(2) Longitudinal bracing shall be installed on every tube and coupler scaffold. Such bracing shall run from a point near the base of the first outer post upward at an approximate 45 degree angle to the extreme top of the scaffold.

(3) Where the length of the scaffold continues beyond such longitudinal bracing, such bracing shall be duplicated, beginning at every fifth post.

(4) In a similar manner, such longitudinal bracing shall also be installed to run from a point near the base of the last post upward at an approximate 45 degree angle toward the first post to the extreme top of the scaffold.

(5) Where the height of any such scaffold is greater than its length, additional longitudinal bracing shall be installed at a point on the first post at the same elevation as the top of the lower longitudinal bracing. Such additional bracing shall run in an upward direction at an angle of approximately 45 degrees to the top of the scaffold. Such additional bracing shall also be installed in a similar manner starting from the outer end or last post at the same elevation.

(6) Where conditions prevent the attachment of such longitudinal bracing to the posts, such bracing may be attached to the runners of the scaffold.

(f) Light duty tube and coupler scaffolds. All posts, bearers, runners and bracing used for light duty tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed of nominal two-inch O.D. steel tubing. The posts of any such scaffold shall be spaced not more than six feet apart by 10 feet along the length of the scaffold.

(g) Medium duty tube and coupler scaffolds. All posts, runners and bracing of medium duty tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed of nominal two-inch O.D. steel tubing. Where the posts are spaced not more than six feet apart by eight feet along the length of such scaffold, the bearers shall be constructed of nominal two and one-half inch O.D. steel tubing. Where the posts are spaced not more than five feet apart by eight feet along the length of such scaffold, the bearers shall be constructed of nominal two-inch O.D. steel tubing.

(h) Heavy duty tube and coupler scaffolds. All posts, bearers, runners and bracing of heavy duty tube and coupler scaffolds shall be constructed of nominal two and one-half inch O.D. steel tubing. The posts of such a scaffold shall be spaced not more than six feet apart by six feet, six inches along the length of the scaffold.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.6 Pole scaffolds.

(a) Poles. The foot end of any pole used in a pole scaffold shall rest on firm footing and shall be secured against lateral movement by nailing, the use of cleats or by any other effective means. Where wood poles are spliced, the ends shall be square and the upper sections shall rest squarely on the lower sections. Wood splicing pieces shall be provided on at least two adjacent sides and shall be not less than three feet in length. They shall overlap the abutting ends by an equal distance and shall have a combined cross-sectional area of not less than 50 percent of the cross-sectional area of the pole.

(b) Putlogs. Every wood putlog shall be reinforced with a substantial steel strip secured to the lower edge of the putlog throughout the entire length of such putlog.

(c) Bracing. Every pole scaffold shall be braced or attached to the building or other structure to prevent movement of the scaffold away from such building or other structure. Diagonal bracing shall be provided to prevent the poles from moving in a direction parallel to the wall of the building or other structure. Diagonal bracing shall be so installed that every spliced section of every pole is connected with the adjacent poles.

(d) Connections. (1) The ends of all horizontal wood supporting members and of all braces shall overlap the nail fastenings a sufficient amount to prevent the ends of such members from splitting.

(2) Where bearers rest on a wall of a building or other structure, the length of the bearing surfaces on such wall shall be at least four inches. Such bearers shall rest on firm and level surfaces.

(3) Where ledgers lap each other, bearing blocks or other effective means attached to the poles shall be provided to support such ledgers. Ledgers shall not be spliced between poles, but shall be continuous from pole to pole.

(e) Planking. Where planking is lapped on a pole scaffold, each plank shall lap its end supports at least 12 inches. Where the ends of planks on a pole scaffold abut each other to form a flush floor the butt joints shall be at the center lines of the poles. The abutted ends shall rest on separate bearers. Intermediate beams shall be provided where necessary to prevent the dislodgment of planks because of deflection and the ends of the planks shall be secured to prevent their dislodgment.

(f) Pole scaffold erection and removal. When a new working level is desired, the existing platform shall be left undisturbed until the new working level is framed. As the scaffold is abandoned with the progress of the work, all supporting members shall be left intact. When a pole scaffold is dismantled the sequence of the removal of members shall be in reverse of that used in the erection of such scaffold.

(g) Specification requirements for pole scaffolds. Any wood pole scaffold over 80 feet in height above the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall be designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York and shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with such design. A copy of the drawings and specifications for such scaffold shall be kept at the job site available for examination by the commissioner. The wood of any such scaffold shall be treated to make it incombustible as defined in Industrial Code Part (rule) 7. Wood pole scaffolds 80 feet or less in height above the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall be constructed in conformity with Tables V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, and X of this Subpart.

TABLE V
LIGHT DUTY SINGLE POLE SCAFFOLDS
Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members

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TABLE VI
MEDIUM DUTY SINGLE POLE SCAFFOLDS
Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members

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TABLE VII
HEAVY DUTY SINGLE POLE SCAFFOLDS
Minimum Nominal Sizes In Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members

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TABLE VIII
LIGHT DUTY INDEPENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS
Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members

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TABLE IX
MEDIUM DUTY INDEPENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS
Minimum Nominal Sizes in Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members

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TABLE X
HEAVY DUTY INDEPENDENT POLE SCAFFOLDS
Minimum Nominal Sizes In Inches and Maximum Spacing of Members

Return

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.7 Outrigger scaffolds.

(a) Outrigger beams. Outrigger beams shall extend not more than six feet beyond the face of the building or other structures. The inboard ends of outrigger beams, measured from the fulcrum points to the extreme inboard points of support, shall be not less than one and one-half times the outboard ends in length. Any wood beams used as outriggers shall rest on their least dimensions. The sides of any such wood beam shall be plumb and the edges shall be horizontal. The fulcrum point of any outrigger beam shall rest on a secure bearing which is at least six inches in each horizontal dimension. Every outrigger beam shall be secured in place against movement in any direction and shall be securely braced at the fulcrum point against tipping.

(b) Inboard supports. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be securely supported either by means of struts bearing against the sills in contact with an overhead structure or by means of anchoring tension members such as U-bolts secured to the structural frame of the building or other structure. The inboard ends of outrigger beams shall be secured against tipping and the entire supporting structures shall be securely braced in both directions to prevent any horizontal movement of such structures.

(c) Design and construction. (1) Unless outrigger scaffolds are designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York, the minimum sizes of the members of such scaffolds shall be in accordance with Table XI of this Subpart.

(2) Any outrigger scaffold designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York shall be constructed to conform to such design. A copy of the detailed drawings and specifications showing the sizes and spacing of the members of such scaffold shall be kept at the job site available for examination by the commissioner.

(d) Planking. The planking of every outrigger scaffold platform shall be laid tight and shall extend to within three inches of the wall of the building or other structure. Such planking shall be nailed or bolted to the outriggers.

(e) Screening. Where there is a danger of material or objects falling from any outrigger scaffold, such scaffold shall be provided with wire mesh screening in compliance with this Part (rule) installed between the guard rail and the toeboard.

TABLE XI
MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS FOR OUTRIGGER SCAFFOLDS

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(f) Superstructures. All supports for superstructures installed on outrigger scaffolds shall be placed directly over the outrigger beams and shall be nailed or otherwise secured in place. Such superstructures shall not exceed six feet in height above the outrigger beam supports and shall otherwise conform with this Part (rule). In no case shall horses be used as supports for such superstructures.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.8 All suspended scaffolds.

(a) Inspection before installation. All load-carrying parts or components and means of suspension including adequacy of anchorage or support of every suspended scaffold shall be inspected before such scaffold is installed.

(b) Suspension from roof hooks or irons. No parapet, curtain wall or similar portion of a building or other structure shall be used to support the roof hooks or irons of any suspended scaffold unless a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York certifies that such parapet, curtain wall or similar portion of a building or other structure is adequate to support the loads intended to be imposed thereon. Such certification shall be kept on the job site available for examination by the commissioner.

(c) Installation and use. (1) The installation or horizontal change in position of every suspended scaffold shall be in charge of and under the direct supervision of a designated person.

(2) The horizontal displacement of any suspended scaffold platform in a direction perpendicular to the face of a building or other structure by means of an applied horizontal force shall not exceed one-tenth of the vertical distance from the elevation of the scaffold platform to its point of suspension. Any person who applies such horizontal force to a scaffold platform while he is located on any portion of the building or other structure at a point more than 10 feet above the ground, grade or equivalent surface shall be provided with and shall use an approved safety belt with a lifeline in compliance with this Part (rule).

(d) Hoisting machines. (1) Any manual or power-operated hoisting machine used for suspended scaffolds shall be approved.

(2) A block and tackle shall not be construed to be a hoisting machine and is not required to be approved.

(3) At least four turns of the suspension wire rope shall at all times remain on the drum. The end of such rope shall be properly secured to the drum. The foregoing requirement does not apply to traction type hoists.

(e) Fibre rope. Fibre ropes used with suspended scaffolds shall be first grade manila hemp or its equivalent in strength. Blocks shall be of a size to fit the ropes.

(f) Limited use of fibre rope. (1) Fibre rope shall not be used for or near any work involving the use of corrosive substances or chemicals.

(2) Fibre rope shall not be used as a means of suspension in lengths exceeding 100 feet between blocks.

(3) Fibre rope shall not be used on hoisting drums.

(g) Tie-ins. Every suspended scaffold shall be tied in to the building or other structure at every working level. Window cleaners' anchors shall not be used for such tie-ins and other means shall be provided.

(h) Scaffold platform. The planking of every suspended scaffold platform shall overlap its support in compliance with this Part (rule). Such planking shall be either nailed in place or otherwise secured against displacement. Where such planks rest directly upon stirrups without any intermediate supporting frames, they shall be secured together by means of cleats nailed to the undersides at intervals not exceeding four feet. Cleats or other equivalent means shall be provided on each side of the supporting stirrups under the planks to prevent sliding or any movement of the planks.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.9 Two-point suspension scaffolds.

(a) Width and fastening. Two-point suspension scaffold platforms shall be not less than 20 inches nor more than 32 inches in width. Every such platform shall be of sufficient width to properly fit the hangers and shall be securely fastened thereto by U-bolts which pass around the hangers or by other equivalent means.

(b) Hangers. The platforms of two-point suspension scaffolds shall rest on hangers fabricated of mild steel or wrought iron, each having a cross-sectional area capable of sustaining four times the maximum rated load. Such hangers shall be designed with supports for guard rails, intermediate rails and toeboards.

(c) Roof irons. Roof irons or hooks used in connection with two-point suspension scaffolds shall be constructed of mild steel or wrought iron and shall be securely anchored. They shall be provided with tie-backs of at least three-quarters inch manila rope so installed that the tension is at right angles to the face of the building or other structure. Where the upper block hook does not directly engage the roof iron, the connection shall be made by improved plow steel wire rope not less than one-half inch in diameter.

(d) Safety railings and screening. The open sides of two-point suspension scaffolds shall be provided with safety railings constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). In addition, such safety railings shall be provided with wire mesh installed from the toeboards to the top railings. Such wire mesh shall be not less than No. 18 U.S. gage steel with openings that will reject a one-inch diameter ball.

(e) Use of two-point suspension scaffolds. (1) Two or more such scaffolds shall not be combined into one by bridging the distance between them. Persons shall not pass from one two-point suspension scaffold to another. Not more than two persons shall be permitted to work on any two-point suspension scaffold at one time unless such scaffold is specially approved and such use is stated in such approval.

(2) Every person located on any two-point suspension scaffold shall be provided with and shall be required to use an approved safety belt or harness together with a separate hanging lifeline in compliance with this Part (rule).

(f) Suspension ropes. (1) When hoisting machines are used for any two-point suspension scaffold, the wire rope shall be at least five-sixteenths inch in diameter and capable of supporting at least six times the intended load.

(2) All fibre rope used for two-point suspension scaffolds shall be at least equivalent in strength to three-quarter inch first grade manila rope.

(g) Platform requirements. Wood platforms of two-point suspension scaffolds shall comply with one of the following requirements. Metal platforms or other platforms not in compliance with this Part (rule) shall be approved.

(1) Ladder type platforms. (i) The side stringers of the horizontal supporting ladder shall be constructed of clear spruce or other material of equivalent strength and durability. The rungs shall be constructed of straight-grained oak, ash or hickory not less than one and one-eighth inches in diameter with seven-eighths inch tenons mortised into the side stringers at least seven-eighths of an inch. The stringers shall be tied together with metal tie rods not less than one-quarter inch in diameter. Such tie rods shall pass through the stringers and shall be riveted tight against washers at both ends. Hangers shall be securely fastened to the platforms not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches from either end by means of U-bolts at the bottom supporting member. Such U-bolts shall pass over the side rails of the platforms. (See Tables XII and XIII of this Subpart.)
(ii) The flooring strips of ladder type platforms shall be spaced so that any opening in the platform floors will reject a three-quarter inch diameter ball. Ladder type platforms shall be constructed in accordance with the schedules listed in Tables XII and XIII of this Subpart.

(2) Plank type platforms. Plank type platforms shall be constructed of planks not less than two inches in thickness and eight inches in width, full size. Such planks shall extend not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches beyond the supporting hangers. A bar shall be nailed across the platform on the underside at each end to prevent the platform from slipping off the hangers. Where two or more planks are used, they shall be fastened together by cleats not less than one inch by six inches in size. Such cleats shall be nailed on the underside at intervals of not more than four feet. Planks used for such platforms shall not be spliced. Any span between supports shall not exceed 10 feet.

(3) Beam platforms. Beam platforms shall have stringers constructed of straight-grained lumber not less than two inches by six inches full size set on edge. The stringers shall be supported on the hangers and the clear spans between hangers shall not exceed 16 feet. The ends of the stringers shall extend beyond the hangers not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches. The stringers shall be bolted to the hangers by means of U-bolts which pass around the hangers and through the stringers. The platforms shall be supported on cross-beams not less than two inches by six inches full size which are laid flat and let into the upper edges of the stringers at intervals of not more than four feet. Such cross-beams shall fit snugly and shall be securely nailed in place with screw-type nails. The platforms shall be constructed of lumber not less than one inch by six inches in size, nailed tight together and extended to the outside faces of the stringers. The ends of all platform boards shall rest on the cross-beams and shall be securely nailed thereto.

TABLE XII
SCHEDULE FOR LADDER TYPE PLATFORMS

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TABLE XIII
SCHEDULE FOR LADDER TYPE PLATFORMS
FOR EXTENSION TRESTLE AND TRESTLE SCAFFOLDS

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Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.10 Multiple-point suspension scaffolds.

(a) Design. (1) Every multiple-point suspension scaffold, including all its supports and fastenings, shall be designed by a professional engineer licensed to practice in the State of New York. A copy of the typical drawings and all specifications, signed by such professional engineer, shall be kept on the job site available for examination by the commissioner.

(2) Every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be designed and constructed with a factor of safety in compliance with the Labor Law and this Part (rule), except that wire ropes supporting the platform shall be at least five-sixteenths inch in diameter and capable of supporting at least six times the load intended to be imposed on such scaffold.

(3) Every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be provided with an approved hoisting machine.

(4) Outrigger beams and platform bearers of multiple-point suspension scaffolds shall be constructed of structural grade metal. A detailed inspection of each such beam or bearer shall be made prior to installation and use and such inspection shall be repeated at intervals of not more than 30 days during scaffold use. Such inspections shall be made by competent designated persons who shall complete and sign a written record of the results of each such inspection. Such written record shall be kept at the job site available for examination by the commissioner.

(5) Platform supports of multiple-point suspension scaffolds shall be designed to provide sufficient headroom for easy passage throughout the lengths of such scaffolds.

(6) Effective means shall be provided to prevent rope supports from slipping off the ends of the outrigger beams.

(b) Installation of multiple-point suspension scaffolds. (1) Each such scaffold shall be installed in accordance with the required design drawings. Any installation or relocation of a multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be by or under the direct supervision of a competent designated person.

(2) The overhang of outrigger beams on such scaffolds shall at no time exceed that specified on the required design drawings.

(3) Outrigger beams shall be properly anchored and braced to provide rigidity and to prevent sliding or tipping.

(4) Supporting points for outrigger beams shall be level, smooth and of sufficient areas to provide firm seats.

(5) Wire rope connections shall be in compliance with this Part (rule). At least four turns of the wire rope shall remain on the hoisting drum at all times. The foregoing does not apply to traction type hoists.

(6) The hosting rope of every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be maintained properly lubricated.

(c) Scaffold platform. The platform of every medium duty multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be at least equivalent in strength to two-inch planking, full size. Such planking shall be laid tight and shall be fastened in place or cleated to prevent dislodgment. Light duty multiple-point suspension scaffolds shall be provided with ladder type platforms constructed in accordance with the schedule listed in Table XII of this Subpart and securely fastened to the hangers by U-bolts or other equivalent means.

(d) Safety railings and screening. (1) The open side and ends of every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule). In addition, every such safety railing shall be provided with an enclosure of wire mesh installed from the toeboard to the top railing. Such wire mesh shall be not less than No.18 U.S. gage steel with openings that will reject a one-inch diameter ball.

(2) The inboard side (side next to the building or other structure) of every multiple-point suspension scaffold shall be provided with a toeboard.

(e) Overhead protection. Where there is a hazard from falling objects or materials, multiple-point suspension scaffolds shall be provided with overhead protection in compliance with this Part (rule).

(f) Scaffold dismantling. When a multiple-point suspension scaffold is being dismantled and the scaffold platform is not lowered intact to the ground or other safe surface, each person performing such dismantling shall be provided with and shall use an approved safety belt or harness together with a lifeline in compliance with this Part (rule).

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.11 Needle beam scaffolds.

(a) Use of needle beam scaffolds. Needle beam scaffolds shall be used only for the support of persons performing riveting, plastering, painting and other similar work. Needle beam scaffolds shall not be used for the storage of materials.

(b) Scaffold platform supports. Wood needle beams shall not be less than four inches by six inches in size and shall be so placed that the greater dimension is vertical. They shall be of one length and shall not be spliced. Such beams shall be provided with intermediate supports or hangers in such manner that any span shall not exceed 10 feet. Where metal beams are used for needle beam scaffold platform supports, such beams shall be at least equal in strength to the four inch by six inch wood beams.

(c) Rope. Rope used for the support of needle beams shall be equivalent in strength to one-inch diameter first grade manila rope. Such rope shall be attached to the needle beams with "square hitches" which shall be so tied on rectangular beams as to prevent such beams from rolling or otherwise becoming displaced. Mechanical stops such as cleats or pins shall be used to prevent the ropes from slipping off the ends of the beams.

(d) Scaffold platform. (1) The platform planks for needle beam scaffolds shall not be less than two inches in thickness full size. Platform planks shall extend not less than 12 inches beyond any support nor more than 18 inches beyond any end support.

(2) The dimension of any needle beam scaffold platform in a direction parallel to the needle beams shall be not less than three feet nor more than six feet.

(3) When needle beam scaffolds are used with one beam higher than the other or where the platform planks are not level, the platform shall be secured against slipping.

(e) Containers for tools. Suitable containers for tools, bolts and similar objects shall be provided for every needle beam scaffold. Such containers shall be securely attached to the scaffolds.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.12 Horse scaffolds.

(a) Limitation of height. Horse scaffolds shall not be constructed with more than two tiers of horses and the height of the working platforms of such scaffolds shall not exceed 10 feet.

(b) Installation of horse scaffolds. The footings for horses shall be level and secure against accidental movement in any direction. Where horse scaffolds are superimposed upon other types of scaffolds, the horses shall be placed directly over supporting beams. All horse scaffolds shall be secured against sliding or tipping.

(c) Construction of horses. (1) The minimum sizes of members for horse scaffolds used for light duty shall be two inches by four inches for the backs or bearers and one inch by four inches for the legs and horizontal braces. The span of such backs or bearers shall not exceed four feet.

(2) The minimum sizes of members of horse scaffolds used for medium duty shall be one and one-quarter inches by nine inches for the backs or bearers and one and one-quarter inches by four and one-quarter inches for the legs and horizontal braces. The span of such backs or bearers shall not exceed six feet.

(3) The minimum sizes of members of horse scaffolds used for heavy duty shall be three inches by four inches for the backs or bearers and one and one-quarter inches by four and one-quarter inches for the legs and horizontal braces. The span of such backs or bearers shall not exceed six feet.

(4) The backs or bearers of horse scaffolds shall in every case rest on gusset braces which are at least one inch thick.

(5) Every horse scaffold shall be provided with sufficient diagonal and horizontal bracing to assure rigidity.

(6) In lieu of wood, the legs of such horses may be constructed of metal which is in every case equivalent in strength to the wood herein required.

(7) Horse scaffold legs may be lengthened by means of splicing on extension pieces having the same cross-sectional areas as the scaffold legs, provided such extension pieces lap the full lengths of the scaffold legs and are securely attached to the legs by through bolts.

(d) Horse spacing. The backs or bearers or horses used in the construction of scaffolds designed for loads up to 25 pounds per square foot shall be spaced not to exceed 10 feet, center to center. When used in scaffolds designed for loads up to 50 pounds per square foot such spacing shall not exceed eight feet, center to center. When used in scaffolds designed for loads up to 75 pounds per square foot such spacing shall not exceed six feet, center to center.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.13 Carpenters' portable bracket scaffolds.

(a) Construction of brackets. Each supporting bracket of a carpenters' portable bracket scaffold shall consist of a triangular portable frame constructed of wood not less than two inches by three inches in cross-section or shall be constructed of metal of equivalent strength. The members of such brackets shall be properly fitted and securely joined.

(b) Bracket installation. Each such bracket shall be attached to the wall of a building or other structure by means of a bolt not less than five-eighths inch in diameter. Such bolt shall extend through such wall and shall be secured to develop the required strength. The brackets shall be spaced not to exceed eight feet, center to center. Where the use of five-eighths inch diameter bolts for such installations is impractical, such brackets shall be secured by whaler cleats or metal ties equivalent in strength to five-eighths inch diameter bolts.

(c) Loading. No more than two persons shall occupy any given 16 feet of a carpenters' portable bracket scaffold at any one time. The total weight of supplies, tools, materials or equipment placed on any such scaffold in addition to the occupants shall not exceed 100 pounds.

(d) Safety railing. Where the working platform of any carpenters' portable bracket scaffold is elevated more than seven feet above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface, such platform shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule).

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.14 Bricklayers' square scaffolds.

(a) Limitation of use. Bricklayers' square scaffolds shall not be used as heavy duty scaffolds.

(b) Construction of squares. (1) The squares of bricklayers' square scaffolds shall not exceed five feet in width by five feet in height. The minimum sizes of members shall not be less than those specified in Table XIV of this Subpart.

TABLE XIV
MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS OF BRICKLAYERS' SQUARE SCAFFOLDS

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(2) Such squares shall be reinforced on both sides of each corner with gusset braces at least one inch thick. Each square shall be provided with braces at least one inch by eight inches in size on both sides. Such braces shall extend from the center of each member to the center of the adjacent member or shall be otherwise arranged to secure rigidity of the square.

(c) Construction of scaffolding. The squares shall be set not more than five feet apart for medium duty scaffolds and not more than eight feet apart for light duty scaffolds. One inch by eight inch diagonal bracing extending from the bottom of one square to the top of the next adjacent square shall be provided on both the front and back of every bricklayers' square scaffold.

(d) Scaffold platforms. The platform planks used for such scaffolds shall be not less than two inches in thickness, full size. The ends of the planks shall overlap on the backs of the squares and each such plank shall be supported by not less than three squares. Such planks shall extend beyond the edges of the squares by not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches.

(e) Multiple tiers. Bricklayers' square scaffolds shall not be constructed with more than three tiers. When erected in tiers, such scaffolds shall be so constructed that the squares are directly one above the other. The upper tiers shall stand on continuous rows of planks laid across the next lower tier and shall be nailed securely or otherwise secured so as to prevent displacement. Such scaffolds shall be erected on level and firm foundations equivalent to that afforded by two-inch by nine-inch planking.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.15 Lean-to scaffolds.

(a) Limited use of lean-to scaffolds. Lean-to scaffolds shall not be used or erected to a height exceeding 10 feet above the ground, grade or equivalent surface. Lean-to scaffolds shall be used only as light duty scaffolds.

(b) Scaffold construction. The spread between the legs of any lean-to scaffold, measured at the feet, shall be at least equal to one-half the height of such scaffold. The maximum span for two-inch by nine-inch planking shall be 10 feet and the maximum span for one and one-quarter inch by nine-inch planking shall be six feet. The minimum sizes of members of lean-to scaffold supports shall be as specified in Table XV of this Subpart.

TABLE XV
MINIMUM SPECIFICATIONS FOR LEAN-TO SCAFFOLDS

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Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.16 Trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffolds.

(a) Permissible scaffold height. The elevation of working platforms of trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffolds shall not exceed 20 feet above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface.

(b) Bracing or tie-ins required. Where the working platform of any trestle ladder scaffold is located more than 10 feet above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface, the tops of such trestle or extension trestle ladders shall be tied in to the building or other structure. Such tie-ins shall be by means of rigid bracing, chains or ropes fastened securely to substantial, firm anchorages. Where such anchorages are unavailable or where such tie-ins are impossible and there is no adjacent wall, the bases of such trestle ladders shall be extended perpendicularly to the length of the working platform such distance as to provide a base dimension of not less than one-quarter of the height of the scaffold platform above such base.

(c) Scaffold platforms. Working platforms between trestles shall be equal to the width of the rungs of the extension. Where ladder type platforms are used, such platforms shall comply with the requirements listed in Table XIII of this Subpart.

(d) Limitations of use. Trestle and extension trestle ladder scaffolds shall be used only for interior painting, decorating, light maintenance or similar work. Such scaffolds shall not be used for exterior work nor for work in which the equipment, supplies or materials required may hamper or endanger the persons on such scaffolds.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.17 Ladder jack scaffolds.

(a) Approval required. Ladder jack scaffolds shall not be used unless approved.

(b) Limitations of use. Ladder jack scaffolds shall be used only as light duty scaffolds. The scaffold platform elevation of any ladder jack scaffold shall not be more than 20 feet above the floor or equivalent surface.

(c) Scaffold construction. Ladders used in the construction of ladder jack scaffolds shall be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of this Part (rule) pertaining to ladders. Such ladders shall be so placed, fastened or held, or shall be so equipped with acceptable means as to prevent slipping. Platform planks shall be not less than two inches thick full size if constructed of wood. Metal planks shall be approved. Any plank used for such scaffold platform shall extend beyond any support not less than six inches nor more than 18 inches beyond any end support. The spans between supports shall not exceed eight feet. No more than two persons shall occupy any ladder jack scaffold at one time.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.18 Manually-propelled mobile scaffolds.

(a) Platform planking. Scaffold platforms for manually-propelled mobile scaffolds shall be tightly planked for the full width of the scaffolds except for necessary access openings. Such planking shall consist of planks not less than two inches thick full size, exterior grade plywood at least three-quarters inch thick or material of equivalent strength.

(b) Safety railings required. The platform of every manually-propelled mobile scaffold shall be provided with a safety railing constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule).

(c) Platform access. A ladder or stairway shall be provided for proper access to every manually-propelled mobile scaffold. Such ladder or stairway shall be affixed to or built into the scaffold and so located that when in use it will not have a tendency to tip the scaffold. Landing platforms shall be provided at intervals not to exceed 35 feet.

(d) Scaffold height. For any free-standing manually-propelled mobile scaffold the ratio of the platform height above the ground, grade, floor or equivalent surface to the minimum base dimension shall assure scaffold stability when in use, but in no case shall such height be more than four times the minimum base dimension.

(e) Casters. Casters shall be properly designed for strength and dimensions to support four times the maximum load intended to be imposed thereon. All casters shall be provided with positive locking devices to hold the scaffolds in position.

(f) Scaffold bracing. Manually-propelled mobile scaffolds shall be properly braced by cross-bracing or diagonal-bracing, or both, to secure vertical members together laterally. Cross-braces shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square and rigid. All brace connections shall be made secure.

(g) Scaffold footing. Whenever any such scaffold is in use and is occupied by any person, such scaffold shall rest upon a stable footing, the platform shall be level and the scaffold shall stand plumb. All casters or wheels shall be locked in position.

(h) Moving the scaffold. Provisions shall be made to prevent such scaffolds from tipping or falling during their movement from one location to another. Scaffolds shall be moved only on level floors or equivalent surfaces free from obstructions and openings. No person shall be suffered or permitted to ride on any manually-propelled mobile scaffold while it is being moved.

(i) Bridging prohibited. Bridging between two or more manually-propelled mobile scaffolds or between any such scaffold and other supports is prohibited.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.19 Elevator scaffold jacks.

(a) When elevator scaffold jacks are used for the installation of elevator hoistway doors, such scaffold jacks shall be constructed and installed in compliance with this Part (rule).

(b) The platforms of such scaffolds shall consist of planks at least equal in strength to No. 1 grade fir. Such planks shall be at least two inches thick full size. Such planks shall be supported by scaffold brackets or jacks constructed of spruce or plywood at least three-quarters inch by five inches in size or of metal of equivalent strength.

(c) Such jacks shall be constructed and installed in any hoistway by being tightly wedged between the guide rails and the elevator door sill. There shall be a notch at least one and one-half inches by one and one-half inches in the lower horizontal member of each jack at which point such jack shall rest on the door sill. A plank, at least two inches thick full size, shall be placed on the lower members of the jack and notched to fit tightly against the front vertical members to prevent any inward movement of the jacks. Such planks shall be bolted to the jacks by means of angles three inches by three inches by one-quarter inch in size. The first plank of the main scaffold platform shall be bolted similarly to the jacks. At the points where the jacks rest against the guide rails, "C" clamps shall be used lo prevent dislodgment. "C" clamps shall also be used to fasten two-inch by four-inch guard rails to the guide rails. Where it becomes necessary to prevent horizontal movement, cleats shall be nailed to the platform planks to block such planks against the guide rails and/or hoistway walls.

(d) Every person working from, installing or dismantling such scaffolds shall be provided with and shall use an approved safety belt or harness properly secured in compliance with this Part (rule).

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.20 Window jacks.

(a) Approval required. All window jacks shall be approved.

(b) Construction of window jacks. All window jacks shall be constructed, installed and used in compliance with section 23-5.1 of this Subpart.

(c) Window jack use. Every window jack shall be limited to light duty loading and shall be used only for the purpose of working at the window opening through which such jack is installed. No more than one person shall occupy a window jack at any one time. Window jacks shall not be used as supporting elements or anchorages of scaffolds or other devices and the placing of planks between one window jack and the jack of an adjacent window is prohibited.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.21 Boatswain's chairs.

(a) Manual type of wood construction. (1) Strength. Every boatswain's chair and supports shall be capable of sustaining four times the maximum weight intended to be placed thereon.

(2) Chair or seat. Every boatswain's chair or seat shall be suspended from its four corners by means of rope slings. Such chair or seat shall be not less than 24 inches in length by 10 inches in width. Such chair or seat shall be two inches in thickness except that such thickness may be one and one-eighth inches if the chair or seat is constructed of hardwood. Each such chair or seat shall be reinforced across its full width by means of cleats securely fastened to the underside of each end.

(3) Suspension tackle. The rope used as a means of suspension for boatswain's chairs shall be first grade manila at least five-eighths inch in diameter or synthetic fibre with a breaking strength of 5,000 pounds and with a diameter of at least one-half inch. Such rope shall be reeved through proper size ball bearings or bushed blocks. Rope attachments to such blocks shall be by means of thimbles and splicing. Only safety hooks shall be used.

(4) Anchorages. The means of suspension shall be attached to anchorages of sufficient rigidity and of ample strength. Where necessary, ropes shall be protected against chafing.

(5) Seat guard or safety belt. Every boatswain's chair or seat shall be provided with a rope or strap guard across both the front and rear located 18 inches above the seat or shall be provided with an approved safety belt with separate hanging lifeline securely attached to a fixed support or anchorage in compliance with this Part (rule).

(b) Powered type boatswain's chairs. All powered type boatswain's chairs shall be approved.

(c) Harnesses. Harnesses designed to suspend a person in a sitting position in order to perform work of any kind shall be approved.

Historical Note

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.

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§ 23-5.22 Stilts.

(a) Limited use. (1) Stilts shall be used only for the work of taping joints in wallboard used for wall and ceiling construction, commonly known as "dry wall" construction. The use of stilts for any other purpose is prohibited.

(2) Stilts shall be used only by competent persons who have voluntarily agreed to their use. The use of stilts shall not be at the direction of or at the request of, expressed or implied, any employer. Any person who uses stilts in the performance of such taping work shall be qualified for such use.

(b) Notification of the commissioner. In every case where stilts are to be used, the employer shall notify the commissioner, in writing, of such intended use at least five days prior to such use. Such notification shall give the name and address of the person agreeing to use the stilts, the location of the job site where the stilts are to be used and the date when such use is to commence.

(c) Scaffolds required. Whenever stilts are used, scaffolds commonly used and appropriate for wallboard construction and which are in compliance with this Part (role) shall be provided at all times such work is being performed. Such scaffolds shall be readily available for any person performing such work who may elect to use such scaffold.

(d) Stilt construction. Stilts shall be of sound and substantial construction and shall be maintained in good repair at all times while they are being used.

(e) Stilt elevation. Stilts shall not elevate the feet of any person more than 24 inches above the floor.

(f) Protection from hazards. Stilts shall be used only on even floor surfaces kept free from obstructions, materials, debris, accumulations of dirt or slippery substances. Persons on stilts shall not be suffered or permitted to work near any opening which is not covered or protected in compliance with this Part (rule) or otherwise guarded.

Historical Note:

Sec. added, filed May 30, 1972 eff. June 1, 1972.